Antibiotic for infection Campylobacter enterocolitis and Clostridium difficile colitis

 Antibiotic choices for Campylobacter enterocolitis                                                                               

 Management

Most people will recover with symptomatic treatment only. Antibiotics have little impact on the duration and severity of symptoms but eradicate stool carriage.

Treatment is indicated for severe or prolonged infection, for pregnant women nearing term and for people who are immunocompromised. Treatment may also be appropriate for food handlers, childcare workers and those caring for immunocompromised patients.

Campylobacter enterocolitis is a notifiable disease 

Common pathogens

Campylobacter jejuni

Antibiotic treatment

Campylobacter enterocolitis

First choice
Erythromycin

Child: 10 mg/kg/dose, four times daily, for five days

Adult: 400 mg, four times daily, for five days

signs and symptom of campylobacter                 

Clostridium difficile colitis

Antibiotic choices for
Clostridium difficile colitis

Management

Disease is due to overgrowth of the colon with Clostridium difficile which produces toxins. A common cause is broad spectrum antibiotic treatment. Discontinue current antibiotic treatment if/when possible – in some cases this may lead to clinical resolution of symptoms.

Antibiotic treatment is recommended in adults if the patient has diarrhoea or other symptoms consistent with colitis, and a positive test for C. difficile toxin. Consider referral to hospital if there is evidence of worsening colitis. Relapse may occur after treatment.

In children, detection of C. difficile commonly represents colonisation rather than pathological infection, and antibiotic treatment is not generally required in the community setting.

Antidiarrhoeals, e.g. loperamide, should be avoided as the toxin may be retained and worsen colitis.

Common pathogens

Clostridium difficile

Antibiotic treatment
Clostridium difficile colitis

First choice
Metronidazole

Adult: 400 mg, three times daily, for 10 days

Alternatives

Vancomycin

If patient has not responded to two courses of metronidazole; discuss with an infectious diseases physician or clinical microbiologist. Oral vancomycin (using the injection product) may be required.

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